This updated edition continues to provide readers with the background needed to understand and use microcontrollers, specifically the popular Motorola 68HC11. The 68HC11 is relatively easy to work with and has most of the features essential for a complete control system. The book starts at an introductory level by explaining the applications and origins of microcontrollers. Next, a programmer's view of the device is developed. Finally, the hardware is described and the reader learns how to connect it to the outside world for control applications.

Part 1 Introducing Microcontroller Technology
1 Microcontroller Concepts
1.1 What Is a Microcontroller? and What Is It Used For?
1.2 History
1.3 Top-Down View of Microcontroller Systems
1.4 Memory Concepts
1.5 Microcontroller Memory Map
Part 2 Software
2 Programming
2.1 Assembly and Other Programming Languages
2.2 Source Code, Object Code, and the Assembler
2.3 Using High-Level Languages
2.4 Fetch/Execute Operation of the Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2.5 The Instruction Set and Addressing Modes
2.6 Basic Operations
2.7 Microcontroller Arithmetic and the Condition Code Register
2.8 Program Flow Control Using Looping and Branching
2.9 Summary
Exercises
3 The Stack, Subroutines, Interrupts, and Resets
3.1 Introducing the Stack
3.2 Using the Stack to Store Data
3.3 Using Subroutines
3.4 Modular Programming Using Subroutines
3.5 Subroutine Operation
3.6 Concept of Interrupts
3.7 Interrupt Vectors
3.8 Interrupt Operation
3.9 Hardware Interrupts and Resets
3.10 Software and CPU Control Interrupts
3.11 The Kiss of Death: Stack Overflow
3.12 Summary
Exercises
4 Cross Assembly and Program Development
4.1 Introduction to Program Development
4.2 Format of the Source Code
4.3 Code and Data Segments
4.4 Pseudo-Operations
4.5 The Assembly Two-Pass Process
4.6 Assembler Options and Preprocessor Directives
4.7 Hex and Binary Files
4.8 Documentation Files
4.9 Simulation
4.10 Evaluation Boards and Emulation
4.11 Summary
Exercises
Part 3 Hardware
5 Bus Concepts and Modes of Operation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Bus
5.3 Tristate
5.4 Address Decoding
5.5 Modes of Operation
5.6 Single-Chip Operating Mode
5.7 Expanded Multiplexed Operating Mode
5.8 Special Bootstrap Mode
5.9 Special Test Operating Mode
5.10 System Circuit
5.11 Summary
Exercises
6 Microcontroller Hardware
6.1 Semiconductor Technology
6.2 Chip Specifications
6.3 Memory Technology
6.4 Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)
6.5 Flash Memory
6.6 Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
6.7 Configuration Control Register (CONFIG)
6.8 RAM and I/O Mapping Register (INIT)
6.9 Summary
Exercises
7 Clocked Operation
7.1 Timing Diagrams
7.2 System Clock
7.3 Bus Operations
7.4 Cycle-by-Cycle Operation
7.5 Oscilloscope Test Loops
7.6 Logic Analyzer
7.7 Transmission Line Effects
7.8 Summary
Exercises
Part 4 Interfacing
8 Interfacing Concepts
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Input/Output Subsystems and Registers
8.3 Memory or Input/Output Mapping
8.4 Interfacing Using Polling or Interrupts
8.5 The Parallel I/O Subsystem
8.6 Serial Systems
8.7 Programmable Timer I/O Subsystem
8.8 Analog/Digital I/O Subsystem
8.9 The I/O Subsystem Registers
8.10 Interface Standards
8.11 Summary
Exercises
9 Parallel Input/Output
9.1 Introduction to the Subsystem
9.2 Seven-Segment (LED) Display Output
9.3 Liquid-Crystal Displays (LCDs)
9.4 Keyboard Interfacing
9.5 Other User Input/Output
9.6 Strobed Input/Output
9.7 Full Handshake Input/Output
9.8 Parallel Interface Standards
9.9 Summary
Exercises
10 The Serial Subsystems
10.1 Asynchronous Communications Systems
10.2 The Serial Communications Interface (SCI)
10.3 SCI Registers
10.4 Synchronous Serial Input/Output
10.5 The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
10.6 SPI Topologies and Applications
10.7 SPI Software
10.8 SPI Error Handling
10.9 Network Communications
10.10 Summary
Exercises
11 Programmable Timer Operations
11.1 Overview
11.2 Output Compare
11.3 Input Capture
11.4 Pulse Accumulator
11.5 Real-Time Interrupt
11.6 Summary
Exercises
12 The Analog Converter Subsystem
12.1 Concepts and Terminology
12.2 Transducers
12.3 Digital-to-Analog Converters
12.4 Analog-to-Digital Converters
12.5 The Built-in A/D Subsystem
12.6 Summary
Exercises
Part 5 The Microcontroller World
13 Application Control Software
13.1 Boolean Logic Control
13.2 Sequencers
13.3 Sequential Machines
13.4 Feedback Control of the Analog World
13.5 Digital Signal Processors
13.6 Using the C Language
13.7 Multitasking
13.8 Fuzzy Logic
13.9 Summary
Exercises
14 Applications
14.1 Automotive-Engine Control
14.2 Consumer Electronics: Automatic Camera
14.3 Computer Peripherals: Dot Matrix Printer
14.4 Society and Microcontroller Technology
15 Eight-Bit Microcontroller Families
15.1 Microcontrollers and the Semiconductor Industry
15.2 Motorola Families
15.3 The Intel 8051 Core
15.4 Survey of Other Families
15.5 Choosing a Microcontroller
15.6 Summary
Appendices
A Instruction Set Summary
B Quick Reference
MC68HC11E9 Block Diagram
Data Book and Programming Reference Guide Tables and Figures
Cross-References to Other Data
C Further Information
References
Some Trade Magazines
Manuals
Sources
D Conventions
C Conventions
Logic Levels for Digital Signals
Numbering Systems
Memory
Cross Assembly
Data Manipulation
Measurement Quantities
E Header and Library File Source Listings
HC11REG.H
HC11VEC.H
F Digital Logic and Binary Codes
A Digital Logic Primer
Number Systems
Number Conversions
Binary Ranges
Other Codes
G Basic Waveforms
H Internet and Disk Resources
Internet
Disk Resources
Glossary
Abbreviations
Index