ANDREA A. LUNSFORD is professor of English at Stanford University and also teaches at the Bread Loaf School of English. A past chair of CCCC, she has won the major publication awards in both the CCCC and MLA. For Bedford/St. Martin�s, she is also the author of The St. Martin's Handbook, Sixth Edition, The Everyday Writer, Fourth Edition, and EasyWriter, Fourth Edition, and co-author, with John J. Ruszkiewicz, of The Presence of Others, Fifth Edition, and Everything's an Argument, Fifth Edition.

JOHN J. RUSZKIEWICZ is a professor at the University of Texas at Austin where he has taught literature, rhetoric, and writing for more than thirty years. A winner of the President�s Associates Teaching Excellence Award, he was instrumental in creating the Department of Rhetoric and Writing in 1993 and directed the unit from 2001-05. He has also served as president of the Conference of College Teachers of English (CCTE) of Texas. For Bedford/St. Martin's, he is also the author of How to Write Anything and co-author, with Andrea A. Lunsford, of The Presence of Others, Fifth Edition, and Everything's an Argument, Fifth Edition.

KEITH WALTERS is professor of applied linguistics at Portland State University. Much of his research focuses on language and identity in North Africa, especially Tunisia, and the United States. He has also taught freshman composition and English as a second/foreign language.

This best-selling combination rhetoric and thematically organized reader shows students how to analyze all kinds of arguments - not just essays and editorials, but clothes, cars, ads, and Web site designs - and then how to use what they learn to write their own effective arguments. With engaging, informal, and jargon-free instruction that emphasizes cultural currency, humor, and visual argument, Everything's an Argument is student-centered and immediately accessible. Students like this book because it helps them understand how a world of argument already surrounds them; instructors like it because it helps students construct their own arguments about that world. Also available in a brief version without the reader.

Table of Contents

*New



Part 1: Reading Arguments
1. Everything Is an Argument
Purposes of Argument
Occasions for Argument
Kinds of Argument
Audience for Arguments
Appealing to Audiences
2. Arguments Based on Emotion: Pathos
Understanding How Emotional Arguments Work
Using Emotions to Build Bridges
Using Emotions to Sustain an Argument
Using Humor
Using Arguments Based on Emotion
3. Arguments Based on Character: Ethos
Understanding How Arguments Based on Character Work
Claiming Authority
Establishing Credibility
Coming Clean about Motives
4. Arguments Based on Facts and Reason: Logos
Providing Hard Evidence
Using Reason and Common Sense
Providing Logical Structures for Argument
5. Rhetorical Analysis
Composing a Rhetorical Analysis
Understanding the Purpose of Arguments You Are Analyzing
Understanding Who Makes an Argument
Identifying and Appealing to Audiences
Examining Arguments Based on Emotion: Pathos
Examining Arguments Based on Character: Ethos
Examining Arguments Based on Reason: Logos
Examining the Arrangement and Media of Arguments
Looking at Style
Examining a Rhetorical Analysis

Part 2: Writing Arguments
6. Academic Arguments
Developing an Academic Argument
7. Structuring Arguments
The Classical Oration
Rogerian Argument
Toulmin Argument
8. Arguments of Fact
Understanding Arguments of Fact
Characterizing Factual Arguments
Developing a Factual Argument
Considering Design and Visuals
Key Features of Factual Arguments
9. Arguments of Definition
Understanding Arguments of Definition
Kinds of Definition
Developing a Definitional Argument
Key Features of Definitional Arguments
10. Evaluations
Understanding Evaluations
Criteria of Evaluation
Characterizing Evaluation
Developing an Evaluative Argument
Key Features of Evaluations
11. Causal Arguments
Understanding Causal Arguments
Characterizing Causal Arguments
Developing Causal Arguments
Key Features of Causal Arguments
12. Proposals
Understanding and Categorizing Proposals
Characterizing Proposals
Developing Proposals
Key Features of Proposals

Part 3: Style and Presentation in Arguments
13. Style in Arguments
Style and Word Choice
Sentence Structure and Argument
Punctuation and Argument
Special Effects: Figurative Language and Argument
14. Visual Arguments
The Power of Visual Arguments
Shaping the Message
Analyzing Visual Elements of Argument
Using Visuals in Your Own Arguments
15. Presenting Arguments
Print Presentations
Oral and Multimedia Presentations
Web-Based Presentations


Part 4: Conventions of Argument
16. What Counts as Evidence
Evidence and the Rhetorical Situation
Firsthand Evidence and Research
Secondhand Evidence and Research
Using Evidence Effectively
17. Fallacies of Argument
Fallacies of Emotional Argument
Fallacies of Ethical Argument
Fallacies of Logical Argument
18. Intellectual Property, Academic Integrity, and Avoiding Plagiarism
Crediting Sources in Arguments
Citing Sources and Recognizing Plagiarism
Inaccurate or Incomplete Citation of Sources
Acknowledging Your Use of Sources
Using Copyrighted Internet Sources
Acknowledging Collaboration
19. Evaluating and Using Sources
Evaluating Sources
Using Sources
20. Documenting Sources
MLA Style
APA Style

Part 5: Arguments
21. How Does Popular Culture Stereotype You?
*Sam Dillon, Evictions at Sorority Raise Issue of Bias [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
Ellen Goodman, The Culture of Thin Bites Fiji [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
Anne E. Becker, Television, Disordered Eating, and Young Women in Fiji: Negotiating Body Image and Identity During Rapid Social Change [EXCERPT FROM JOURNAL ARTICLE]
*Making a Visual Argument: KennethCole.com, We All Walk in Different Shoes [ADVERTISEMENT]
Barbara Munson, Common Themes and Questions about the Use of "Indian" Logos [ONLINE TEXT]
*Joe LaPointe, Bonding Over a Mascot [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
*Stuart Elliott, Uncle Ben, Board Chairman [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
*Charles A. Riley II, Disability and the Media: Prescriptions for Change [BOOK EXCERPT]
*22. How Many Friends Have You Made Today?
*danah m. boyd and Nicole B. Ellison, Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship [EXCERPT FROM JOURNAL ARTICLE]
*Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, A Friend of a Friend of a Friend Knows You're on Vacation [BLOG POSTING AND TRANSCRIPT OF YOUTUBE VIDEO]
*Heather Havenstein, One in Five Employers Uses Social Networks in Hiring Process [MAGAZINE ARTICLE]
*Tamar Lewin, Study Finds Teenagers' Internet Socializing Isn't Such a Bad Thing [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE AND COMMENTS ON IT]
*Mizuko Ito et al., Executive Summary: Living and Learning with New Media [EXCERPT FROM SUMMARY REPORT ON RESEARCH PROJECT]
*Mizuko Ito et al., Geeking Out [EXCERPT FROM SUMMARY REPORT ON RESEARCH PROJECT]
*Neal Conan, Kim Zeiter, Andy Carvin, and callers, Is Creating a Fake Online Profile a Criminal Act? [TRANSCRIPT OF RADIO PROGRAM]
*Charles M. Blow, A Profile of Online Profiles [BLOG ENTRY]
23. What's It Like to Be Bilingual in the United States?
*Rochelle Sharpe, English Loses Ground [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
*Hyon B. Shin with Rosalind Bruno, Language Use and English-Speaking Ability: 2000 [UNITED STATES CENSUS REPORT]
Sandra Cisneros, From Bien Pretty [SHORT STORY EXCERPT]
Marjorie Agosín, Always Living in Spanish and English [ESSAY AND POEM]
Firoozeh Dumas, The �F Word� [BOOK EXCERPT]
Lan Cao, The Gift of Language [BOOK EXCERPT]
*Amy Tan, Mother Tongue [ESSAY]
*Making a Visual Argument: Public Service Announcements in Spanish [POSTERS]
*Amy Martinez Starke, Hmong Elder Didn't Forget the Old Ways [OBITUARY]
*24. Why Worry about Food and Water?
*Mark Bittman, Why Take Food Seriously? [MAGAZINE ARTICLE]
*Wynne Wright and Gerad Middendorf, Introduction: Fighting Over Food-Change in the Agrifood System [BOOK EXCERPT]
*Solomon H. Katz, The World Food Crisis: An Overview of the Causes and Consequences and Food Crisis Information & Resources [NEWSLETTER ARTICLE + SIDEBAR]
*Kathy Freston, Vegetarian is the New Prius [ONLINE ARTICLE]
*Making a Visual Argument: Claire Ironside, Apples to Oranges [VISUAL ESSAY]
*Wikipedia, Local Food [WIKIPEDIA ENTRY]
*Mark Coleman, Review of Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It [BOOK REVIEW]
*Elizabeth Royte, Excerpt from Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It [BOOK EXCERPT]
*Cook's Country Magazine, Ready-to-Bake Chocolate Chip Cookies and Cook's Illustrated Magazine, Solving the Mystery of the Chewy Chocolate Chip Cookie and Thick and Chewy Chocolate Chip Cookies [MAGAZINE ARTICLES]
25. What Role Should Religion Play in Public Life?
*Pew Global Attitudes Project, When It Comes to Religion, the United States Is an Outlier [EXCERPT FROM REPORT]
Laurie Goodstein, More Religion, but Not the Old-Time Kind [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
*D. Michael Lindsay, Evangelicalism Rebounds in Academe [MAGAZINE ARTICLE]
Michelle Bryant, Selling Safe Sex in Public Schools [ESSAY]
*Melanie Springer Mock, Separation of Church and State: A War on Christmas and Other Misguided Notions [EDITORIAl]
Antonin Scalia, God's Justice and Ours [ESSAY]
Mariam Rahmani, Wearing a Head Scarf Is My Choice as a Muslim: Please Respect It [ESSAY]
Randy Cohen, Between the Sexes [ADVICE COLUMN + RESPONSES]
*Albert Einstein, An Ideal of Service to Our Fellow Man [ESSAY]
*Eboo Patel, We Are Each Other's Business [ESSAY]
*Penn Jillette, There Is No God [ESSAY]
26. What Should "Diversity on Campus" Mean?

Making a Visual Argument: Student-Designed Diversity Posters [POSTERS]
Sarah Karnasiewicz, The Campus Crusade for Guys [ONLINE ARTICLE]
Making a Visual Argument: Cartoonists Take On Affirmative Action [CARTOONS]
David Horowitz, In Defense of Intellectual Diversity [ESSAY]
Stanley Fish, "Intellectual Diversity": The Trojan Horse of a Dark Design [ESSAY]
*Patricia Cohen, Professors' Liberalism Contagious? Maybe Not [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
*Mack D. Mariani and Gordon J. Hewitt, Indoctrination U.? Faculty Ideology and Changes in Student Political Orientation [EXCERPT FROM JOURNAL ARTICLE]
*Libby Sander, Blue-Collar Boomers Take Work Ethic to College [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
*Edward F. Palm, The Veterans Are Coming! The Veterans Are Coming! [ONLINE ARTICLE]
*Walter Benn Michaels, The Trouble With Diversity: How We Learned to Love Identity and Ignore Inequality [BOOK EXCERPT]
*27. What Are You Working For?
*Dave Isay, Dr. Monica Mayer, 45, Interviewed by Her Cousin and Patient, Spencer Wilkinson, Jr., 39 and Ken Kobus, 58, Tells His Friend Ron Barafe, 42, about Making Steel [PERSONAL INTERVIEWS]
*Lisa W. Foderaro, The Well-to-Do Get Less So, and Teenagers Feel the Crunch [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
*Charles Murray, Should the Obama Generation Drop Out? and Letters to the Editor: Should a College Degree Be Essential? [OP-ED ESSAY + LETTERS TO THE EDITOR]
*U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Education Pays, and Laurence Shatkin, Education Pays, But Perhaps Less Than You Thought [GRAPH AND BLOG POSTING]
*Sandy Baum and Jennifer Ma for the College Board, Education Pays: The Benefits of Higher Education for Individuals and Society [RESEARCH REPORT EXCERPT]
*Alesia Montgomery, Kitchen Conferences and Garage Cubicles: The Merger of Home and Work in the 24-7 Global Economy [ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY EXCERPT]
*Stewart D. Friedman, The Fallacy of "Work-Life Balance" and Take the Four-Way View [VIDEO TRANSCRIPT AND BOOK EXCERPT]
28. Why Do They Love Us? Why Do They Hate Us? (available online only)
*Pew Research Center, Global Public Opinion in the Bush Years (2001-2008) [RESEARCH REPORT EXCERPT]
*Moisés Naím, Why the World Loves to Hate America [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
Richard Bernstein, The Days After: The View From Abroad [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
*Michael Slackman, 9/11 Rumors That Harden Into Conventional Wisdom [NEWSPAPER ARTICLE]
*Jacob G. Hornberger, Did the Shoe Thrower Hate America for Its Freedom and Values? [BLOG POSTING]
Making a Visual Argument: How Others See Us [PAINTINGS]
*Fareed Zakaria, The Rise of the Rest [BOOK EXCERPT]
*Joseph S. Nye, Jr., The Benefits of Soft Power [JOURNAL ARTICLE]
Making a Visual Argument: Exporting America [PHOTOGRAPHS]
Yiyun Li, Passing Through [ESSAY]
*Barack Obama, Election Night Speech, Grant Park, Chicago [SPEECH]