When should I change my mind? What can I believe and what must I doubt? In this new "philosophy of good reasons" Wayne C. Booth exposes five dogmas of modernism that have too often inhibited efforts to answer these questions. Modern dogmas teach that "you cannot reason about values" and that "the job of thought is to doubt whatever can be doubted," and they leave those who accept them crippled in their efforts to think and talk together about whatever concerns them most. They have willed upon us a "befouled rhetorical climate" in which people are driven to two self-destructive extremes--defenders of reason becoming confined to ever narrower notions of logical or experimental proof and defenders of "values" becoming more and more irresponsible in trying to defend the heart, the gut, or the gonads. Booth traces the consequences of modernist assumptions through a wide range of inquiry and action: in politics, art, music, literature, and in personal efforts to find "identity" or a "self." In casting doubt on systematic doubt, the author finds that the dogmas are being questioned in almost every modern discipline. Suggesting that they be replaced with a rhetoric of "systematic assent," Booth discovers a vast, neglected reservoir of "good reasons"--many of them known to classical students of rhetoric, some still to be explored. These "good reasons" are here restored to intellectual respectability, suggesting the possibility of widespread new inquiry, in all fields, into the question, "When should I change my mind?"
Table of Contents
Introduction 1. Motivism and the Loss of Good Reasons The Crisis in Our Rhetoric When Should I Change My Mind? The Factual "Is" and the Wishful "Ought" Five Kinds of Modern Dogma "Good Reasons Apply to Means, Not Ends" Some Consequences of Motivism 2. Bertrand Russell's Rhetoric and the Dogmas of Doubt Russell as Representative Modern Motivism in Russell Dogmas Two and Three, the Agent and the Scene: Man as an Atomic Mechanism in a Universe That Is Value-Free Dogma Four, the Principles of Knowing The Preacher Liberated Dogma Five, the Purposes of Argument The Triumph of Russell's Modernism 3. The Dogmas Questioned Changes of Scene and Dramatis Personae Nature and Knowledge Revivified Nature as Will or Act Reality as Feeling: The Wisdom of the Body Divers Orders, Divers "Logics" Doubt and Assent The Criterion of Falsifiability Systematic Assent What Do We Know About Ourselves and Our World? The Self as a Field of Selves The Purposes of Rhetoric 4. Some Warrants of Assent, with Notes on the Topics of Protest The Great Reservoir of Good Reasons Value Terms and Substantive Proofs Example 1: Finding a Concurring Public vs. Getting on the Bandwagon Example 2: Relevance Ethical Proof and the Demonstration of Value Example: Sincerity "Gut" Issues and Emotional Proof Example 1: Dialysis Machines Example 2: The Pocketbook Art as the Changing of Minds What Art Teaches Stories as Reasons: Explicit Messages Saying Yes and No in Literature The Habit of Negative Rhetoric Communal Affirmation and Denial Appendix A. "Self-Evidently Absurd" Rhetoric: Some Pronouncements Reprinted, without Comment, by the "Other Side" Appendix B. Two-Score and More of Witnesses Against the Fact-Value Split Bibliography Index
