Crosby, Donald G. : University of California-Davis
Summary
Although they are two aspects of the same subject, environmental toxicology and environmental chemistry are
usually presented as though they are entirely separate from one another; even their practitioners often seem unaware
of the connections. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is the first text to tie these subjects closely together,
demonstrating the immediate relevance of each subject to the other while also providing a basic, easily understandable
introduction to both areas. This unique work presents their principles and applications through numerous illustrative
examples and special topics that highlight current environmental concerns. It provides up-to-date as well as historical
examples of both subjects and includes discussions of ecotoxicology, epidemiology, predictive methods, and other
topics not covered in similar texts. It also includes invertebrates and nonmammal vertebrates, plants, and microorganisms,
as well as humans and other mammals. The first five chapters place chemicals in the environment; the following
five provide the biological and toxicological settings; and the remaining six chapters offer examples of specific
chemicals, their toxic effects and significance, and predictions of fate and toxicity. Each chapter concludes with
a discussion of a related topic of particular public and scientific interest, such as chemical carcinogens, pesticide
residues, or hazardous wastes.
Ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in environmental toxicology courses, Environmental Toxicology
and Chemistry offers a timely, comprehensive introduction to the principles of toxicology as they apply to our
environment. It is also useful for professionals and practitioners in a wide range of environmentally related fields
and businesses.
Presents modern environmental toxicology and chemistry in an integrated form.
Provides up-to-date, as well as historical, examples of both subjects.
Includes discussions of ecotoxicology, epidemiology, predictive methods, and other topics not found in other
texts.
Includes invertebrates and nonmammal vertebrates, plants, and micro-organisms, as well as humans and other
mammals.
Table of Contents
Preface
1. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
1.1. Poisons
1.2. Environmental Toxicology
1.3. Environmental Chemistry
1.4. Toxicity
1.5. Hazard and Risk
1.6. Major Toxic Hazards
1.7. Perspective
1.8. References
Special Topic 1: Ecotoxicology
2. Environmental Chemicals
2.1. Chemicals in the Environment
2.2. Detection and Measurement
2.3. The Atmosphere
2.4. Water
2.5. Soils
2.6. Biota
2.7. Everyday Life
2.8. References
Special Topic 2: Pesticide Residues
3. Environmental Chemodynamics
3.1. Environmental Chemodynamics
3.2. Dissolution
3.3. Solvent Partitioning
3.4. Volatilization
3.5. Adsorption
3.6. Significance
3.7. References
Special Topic 3: The Great Escape
4. Environmental Transport
4.1. Dissipation of Chemicals
4.2. Transport in and from Surface Water
4.3. Transport in Soil and Groundwater
4.4. Atmospheric Transport
4.5. Commercial Conveyance
4.6. Global Transport
4.7. References
Special Topic 4: Wind, Water, and Waves
5. Abiotic Transformations
5.1. Transformations
5.2. Photochemistry
5.3. Oxidation
5.4. Reduction
5.5. Hydrolysis
5.6. Some Other Abiotic Reactions
5.7. Summary of Abiotic Reactions
5.8. References
Special Topic 5: Free Radicals and the Ozone Layer
6. Biotransformations
6.1. Biotransformations
6.2. Transformations by Microorganisms
6.3. Transformations in Animals and Higher Plants
6.4. Comparative Metabolism
6.5. Summary of Biotransformations
6.6. References
Special Topic 6: Anatomy of an Oil Spill
7. Intoxication
7.1. The Intoxication Process
7.2. Absorption and Disposition
7.3. Factors Governing Intoxication
7.4. Toxic Effects
7.5. References
Special Topic 7: Adaptation
8. Quantitative Toxicology
8.1. Dose-Response Relationships
8.2. Factors Affecting Quantitative Responses
8.3. Toxicokinetics
8.4. Toxicity Measurements and Endpoints
8.5. Data from Humans
8.6. References
Special Topic 8: Epidemiology
9. Intoxication Mechanisms
9.1. The Biochemical Lesion
9.2. Receptors and Targets
9.3. Mechanisms of General Toxicity
9.4. Animal-specific Mechanisms
9.5. Plant-specific Mechanisms
9.6. Microbe-specific Mechanisms
9.7. Perspective
9.8. References
Special Topic 9: Chemical Carcinogens
11.1. Toxic Inorganic Chemicals
11.2. Some Basic Chemistry
11.3. Nonmetallic Elements
11.4. The Metalloids
11.5. Heavy Elements
11.6. Transition Elements
11.7. Radioactive Elements
11.8. Other Toxic Elements
11.9. References
Special Topic 11: Methylation of Metals and Metalloids
12. Biotoxins
12.1. Biotoxins
12.2. The Alkaloids
12.3. Toxic Glycosides
12.4. Plant Phenolics
12.5. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
12.6. Lactone Mycotoxins
12.7. Perspective
12.8. References
Special Topic 12: Allelochemicals
13. Industrial Chemicals
13.1. Industrial Chemicals
13.2. Petrochemicals
13.3. Toxic Byproducts and Conversion Products
13.4. References
Special Topic 13: Why Chlorinate?