W. Larry Kenney, PhD, is a professor of physiologyand kinesiology at Pennsylvania State University in University
Park, Pennsylvania. He received his PhD in physiology from Penn State in 1983. Working at Noll Laboratory, Kenney
is currently researching the effects ofaging and elevated cholesterol on the control of blood flow in human skin
and has been continuously funded by NIH since 1983. He has also studied the effects of heat, cold, and dehydration
on various aspects of health, exercise, and athletic performance as well as the biophysics of heat exchange between
humans and the environment. He is the author of some 200 papers, books, book chapters, and other publications.
Kenney served as president of the American College of Sports Medicine from 2003 to 2004. He is a fellow of the
American College of Sports Medicine and of the American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education and a member
of the American Physiological Society.
For his service to the university and his field, Kenney has been awarded Penn State University�s Faculty Scholar
Medal, the Evan G. and Helen G. Pattishall Distinguished Research Career Award, and the Pauline Schmitt Russell
Distinguished Research Career Award. He was awarded the American College of Sports Medicine�s New Investigator
Award in 1987 and the Citation Award in 2008.
Kenney has been a member of the editorial and advisory boards for several journals, including Medicine and Science
in Sports and Exercise, Current Sports Medicine Reports (inaugural board member), Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews,
the Journal of Applied Physiology, Human Performance, Fitness Management, and ACSM�s Health & Fitness Journal
(inaugural board member). He is also an active grant reviewer for the National Institutes of Health and many other
organizations. He and his wife, Patti, have three children, all of whom are or were college athletes: Matt (Cornell
football), Alex (Penn State football and track), and Lauren (Penn State track).
Jack H. Wilmore, PhD, is the Margie Gurley Seay Centennial professor emeritus in the department of kinesiology
and health education at the University of Texas at Austin. He retired in 2003 from Texas A&M University as
a distinguished professor in the department of health and kinesiology. From 1985 to 1997, Wilmore was the chair
of the department of kinesiology and health education and the Margie Gurley Seay Endowed Centennial professor at
the University of Texas at Austin. Prior to that, he served on the faculties at the University of Arizona, the
University of California, and Ithaca College. Wilmore earned his PhD in physical education from the University
of Oregon in 1966.
Wilmore has published 53 chapters, more than 320 peer-reviewed research papers, and 15 books on exercise physiology.
He was one of five principal investigators for the Heritage Family Study, a large multicenter clinical trial investigating
the possible genetic basis for the variability in the responses of physiological measures and risk factors for
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes to endurance exercise training. Wilmore�s research interests have included
determining the role of exercise in the prevention and control of both obesity and coronary heart disease, determining
the mechanisms accounting for alterations in physiological function with training and detraining, and factors limiting
the performance of elite athletes.
A former president of the American College of Sports Medicine, Wilmore was the recipient of the American College
of Sports Medicine�s Honor Award in 2006. In addition to serving as chair for many ACSM organizational committees,
Wilmore served on the United States Olympic Committee�s Sports Medicine Council and chaired their Research Committee.
He is currently a member of the American Physiological Society and a fellow and former president of the American
Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education. Wilmore has served as a consultant for several professional sports
teams, the California Highway Patrol, the President�s Council on Physical Fitness and Sport, NASA, and the U.S.
Air Force. He has also served on several journal editorial boards.
In his free time, Wilmore enjoys Bible study, running, walking, and playing with his grandchildren. He and his
wife, Dottie, have three daughters (Wendy, Kristi, and Melissa) and sons-in-law and seven grandchildren.
David L. Costill, PhD, is the emeritus John and Janice Fisher chair in exercise science at Ball State University
in Muncie, Indiana. He established the Ball State University Human Performance Laboratory in 1966 and served as
its director for over 32 years.
Costill has written and coauthored more than 425 publications over the course of his career, including 6 books
and articles in both peer-reviewed and lay publications. He served as the original editor in chief of the International
Journal of Sports Medicine for 12 years. Between 1971 and 1998, he averaged 25 U.S. and international lecture trips
each year. He was president of the ACSM from 1976 to 1977, a member of its board of trustees for 12 years, and
a recipient of ACSM Citation and Honor Awards. Many of his former students are now leaders in the field of exercise
physiology.
Costill received his PhD in physical education and physiology from Ohio State University in 1965. He and his wife,
Judy, have two daughters, Jill and Holly. In his leisure time, Costill is a private pilot, auto and experimental
airplane builder, competitive masters swimmer, and ex-marathon runner.
Summary
The leading textbook for undergraduate exercise physiology courses, Physiology of Sport and Exercise, Fifth
Edition With Web Study Guide, has been fully updated in both content and design. The authors, all distinguished
researchers and past presidents of the American College of Sports Medicine, combine their expertise to deliver
superior technical content while maintaining the accessible, reader-friendly format that has made this textbook
a favorite of instructors.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Part I. Exercising Muscle
Chapter 1. Structure and Function of Exercising Muscle
Functional Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle and Exercise
Chapter 2. Fuel for Exercise: Bioenergetics and Muscle Metabolism
Energy Substrates
Controlling the Rate of Energy Production
Storing Energy: High-Energy Phosphates
The Basic Energy Systems
Interaction Among the Energy Systems
The Oxidative Capacity of Muscle
Chapter 3. Neural Control of Exercising Muscle
Structure and Function of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory-Motor Integration
Chapter 4. Hormonal Control During Exercise
The Endocrine System
Hormones
Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones: An Overview
Hormonal Regulation of Metabolism During Exercise
Hormonal Regulation of Fluid and Electrolytes During Exercise
Chapter 5. Energy Expenditure and Fatigue
Measuring Energy Expenditure
Energy Expenditure at Rest and During Exercise
Fatigue and Its Causes
Part II. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function
Chapter 6. The Cardiovascular System and Its Control
Heart
Vascular System
Blood
Chapter 7. The Respiratory System and Its Regulation
Pulmonary Ventilation
Pulmonary Volumes
Pulmonary Diffusion
Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
Gas Exchange at the Muscles
Regulation of Pulmonary Ventilation
Chapter 8. Cardiorespiratory Responses to Acute Exercise
Cardiovascular Responses to Acute Exercise
Respiratory Responses to Acute Exercise
Part III. Exercise Training
Chapter 9. Principles of Exercise Training
Terminology
General Principles of Training
Resistance Training Programs
Anaerobic and Aerobic Power Training Programs
Chapter 10. Adaptations to Resistance Training
Resistance Training and Gains in Muscular Fitness
Mechanisms of Gains in Muscle Strength
Muscle Soreness and Cramps
Resistance Training for Special Populations
Chapter 11. Adaptations to Aerobic and Anaerobic Training
Adaptations to Aerobic Training
Adaptations to Anaerobic Training
Specificity of Training and Cross-Training
Part IV. Environmental Influences on Performance
Chapter 12. Exercise in Hot and Cold Environments
Body Temperature Regulation
Physiological Responses to Exercise in the Heat
Health Risks During Exercise in the Heat
Acclimation to Exercise in the Heat
Exercise in the Cold
Physiological Responses to Exercise in the Cold
Health Risks During Exercise in the Cold
Chapter 13. Exercise at Altitude
Environmental Conditions at Altitude
Physiological Responses to Acute Altitude Exposure
Exercise and Sport Performance at Altitude
Acclimation: Chronic Exposure to Altitude
Altitude: Optimizing Training and Performance
Health Risks of Acute Exposure to Altitude
Part V. Optimizing Performance in Sport
Chapter 14. Training for Sport
Optimizing Training: A Model
Overtraining
Tapering for Peak Performance
Detraining
Chapter 15. Body Composition and Nutrition for Sport
Body Composition in Sport
Nutrition and Sport
Chapter 16. Ergogenic Aids and Sport
Researching Ergogenic Aids
Pharmacological Agents
Hormonal Agents
Physiological Agents
Nutritional Agents
Part VI. Age and Sex Considerations in Sport and Exercise
Chapter 17. Children and Adolescents in Sport and Exercise
Growth, Development, and Maturation
Physiological Responses to Acute Exercise
Physiological Adaptations to Exercise Training
Motor Ability and Sport Performance
Special Issues
Chapter 18. Aging in Sport and Exercise
Height, Weight, and Body Composition
Physiological Responses to Acute Exercise
Physiological Adaptations to Exercise Training
Sport Performance
Special Issues
Chapter 19. Sex Differences in Sport and Exercise
Body Size and Composition
Physiological Responses to Acute Exercise
Physiological Adaptations to Exercise Training
Sport Performance
Special Issues
Part VII. Physical Activity for Health and Fitness
Chapter 20. Prescription of Exercise for Health and Fitness
Health Benefits of Exercise: The Great Awakening
Medical Clearance
Exercise Prescription
Monitoring Exercise Intensity
Exercise Program
Exercise and Rehabilitation of People With Diseases
Chapter 21. Cardiovascular Disease and Physical Activity
Forms of Cardiovascular Disease
Understanding the Disease Process
Determining Individual Risk
Reducing Risk Through Physical Activity
Risk of Heart Attack and Death During Exercise
Exercise Training and Rehabilitating Patients With Heart Disease
Chapter 22. Obesity, Diabetes, and Physical Activity
